Background Knowledge on the long-term development of adiposity throughout childhood/adolescence and its prenatal determinants and health sequelae is lacking. We sought to (1) identify trajectories of ...

In ideal randomised experiments, association is causation: association measures can be interpreted as effect measures because randomisation ensures that the exposed and the unexposed are exchangeable.

Background Mortality rates across the UK stopped improving in the early 2010s, largely attributable to UK Government’s ‘austerity’ policies. Such policies are thought to disproportionately affect ...

Background Globally, some of the highest rates of obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are found in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Relatedly, there has been a decrease in consumption ...

Background A broad literature base provides evidence of association between air pollution and paediatric asthma. Socioeconomic status (SES) may modify these associations; however, previous studies ...

Background Immune-mediated processes leading to childhood type 1 diabetes may begin in fetal life. We hypothesised that a maternal inflammatory diet during pregnancy increases offspring risk of type 1 ...

Background Few studies have examined the impact of weight change in different periods of lifetime on type 2 diabetes risk, and the association of weight loss with type 2 diabetes is unclear. We ...

Place of death (home, hospital, nursing home, etc) is an end-of-life care indicator, important for guiding health policy and resource allocation to ensure the existence of services and support (in ...