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In this paper I offer explicit definitions of two different kinds for the notions intervention, invariance, and causal correctness. Then, given some natural and relatively uncontroversial assumptions, ...
Objectives Crime continuity is one of the best documented and least understood aspects of criminal behavior. Psychological inertia, the notion that cognitive variables mediate the relationship between ...
Page 9 appears missing, but later references to Koch’s postulates (pp. 238-244) recognise the limits of these postulates and do not imply that they must be fulfilled to establish disease causation.
Ergodic Theory And Limit Theorems Ergodic theory is a branch of mathematics that studies the long-term average behavior of dynamical systems.