A 10-day heat wave that ended on July 2 pushed temperatures above 40C (104F) across parts of Western Europe. According to scientists from Imperial College London and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, climate change intensified the heat by as much as 4C (39F) in 12 major cities, including Barcelona, Madrid, Milan, and London.

Extreme heat has gripped countries including France, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain, with record temperatures, health alerts and wildfires.

Europe's latest spell of sizzling heat, which ended last week, caused a threefold rise in heat-related deaths because human-induced climate change boosted the intensity of the heat wave, British scientists said.