The destruction of the Byzantine Empire and its dramatic collapse under the weight of Mehmed the Conquerer’s spectacular invasion is not necessarily the first or only catastrophe staining the history ...

Vol. 8, No. 5, IN THIS ISSUE: THE UMAYYAD CALIPHATE AGAINST THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE (674-718) (NOV / DEC 2018), pp. 24-33 (10 pages) “Because of the frequent assumptions of imperial power and the ...

Mehmed, having overcome many obstacles, prepares for the siege of Constantinople, uniting his viziers and subjects. He strengthens the navy, led by Baltaoğlu, who aims to reunite with his brother, ...

In 626, Constantinople was under siege. Sasanian, Avar and Slavic forces were attacking the city. This attack was just one of many in a war that had been going on since A.D. 602. The bombardment was ...

This video explores the rise, decline, and transformation of Constantinople, from its splendor as the Byzantine capital to its rebirth as Ottoman Istanbul. It highlights the city’s grand monuments, ...

Mehmed launches an ambitious siege to break through the walls of Constantinople, but Giustiniani's mercenaries manage to forestall the Janissaries. Mehmed's men dig underground tunnels in an attempt ...