Smooth and dense SiHfBCN ceramic coating via the PDC approach was fabricated successfully and the performance was systematically studied. The composition shows interesting microstructural evolution ...

They do so by sending a small current through their probe tip. Current flowing between the sensor and some reference (often the metal tank holding the liquid) is compared inside the sensor to current ...

Conductivity and resistivity are widely used parameters for water purity analysis, monitoring of reverse osmosis, cleaning procedures, control of chemical processes and in industrial wastewater.

Modern technologies continue to become lighter, smaller, and faster, although the conductors used to power these technologies remain relatively unchanged. Conventional metal conductors, largely copper ...

On-line conductivity measurement of mineral contamination in water allows reliable and inexpensive monitoring of water quality through the various stages of treatment. In comparison to having to ...