For all of the recent strides we’ve made in the math world, we’re forever crunching calculations in pursuit of deeper ...

Imagine winding the hour hand of a clock back from 3 o’clock to noon. Mathematicians have long known how to describe this rotation as a simple multiplication: A number representing the initial ...

A team of German physicists has built a fully working version of quantum mechanics that uses only real numbers. Complex ...

Imagine winding the hour hand of a clock back from 3 o’clock to noon. Mathematicians have long known how to describe this rotation as a simple multiplication: A number representing the initial ...

New findings are fueling an old suspicion that fundamental particles and forces spring from strange eight-part numbers called “octonions.” In 2014, a graduate student at the University of Waterloo, ...

Geometric algebra is a comprehensive mathematical language that unifies diverse algebraic systems—such as complex numbers, quaternions and vector calculus—within a single structure founded on Clifford ...

To a nonmathematician, having the letter “i” represent a number that does not quite exist and is “imaginary” can be hard to wrap your head around. If you open your mind to this way of thinking, ...