Author’s note: This article shows how to derive circuit gain equations via a signal flow graph. With practice you may be able to write a gain equation by locating signal paths and loops in the ...

Download this article in PDF format. Determining the resistor values and assuring performance of the circuit associated with a photocoupler (also called an optocoupler or optoisolator) is simple in ...

Analyzing failures in printed circuit boards (PCBs) is critical to ensure the functionality and reliability of electronic devices. A synopsis of the methods and techniques utilized in PCB failure ...