In 1867, Frederick A. P. Barnard, a mathematician and the president of Columbia University in New York, served as a judge at the Exposition universelle, a world’s fair held in Paris. There he saw a ...
Invented by Leonardo Torres in 1920, the Torres calculating machine is a machine that solves essential addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division problems using a simple manner. It was a ...
Most early calculating machines carried out multiplication as a form of repeated addition. To multiply, say, by thirteen, one set the carriage at its rightmost position, turned the operating crank ...